The lab report notes that the ventral surface of each leaf sample showed fungal damage.

實驗室報告指出，每個葉片樣本的近軸面都出現真菌損害。

Please photograph the ventral side of the plant specimens before shipping them to our client.

在將植物標本寄給客戶之前，請先拍攝它們的近軸面。

During the product meeting, the botanist explained how coatings are applied to the ventral leaf surface.

在產品會議中，植物學家說明了塗層如何施用在葉片的近軸面上。